Step 1: Preheat the Oven
Preheat your oven to 425°F (220°C). This high temperature is crucial for achieving those crispy, caramelized edges. Position the oven rack in the center position for even heat distribution.

Step 2: Prepare the Broccoli
Wash the broccoli thoroughly and pat completely dry with paper towels or a clean kitchen towel—excess moisture prevents proper browning. Cut the broccoli into evenly-sized florets, approximately 1½ to 2 inches in size. If your broccoli came with stems, peel the tough outer layer and cut the tender interior into ½-inch thick rounds or sticks. Try to keep pieces similar in size so they cook evenly.

Step 3: Season the Broccoli
Place the broccoli florets in a large mixing bowl. Drizzle with olive oil, then add the minced garlic, thyme, rosemary, salt, black pepper, and red pepper flakes if using. Toss everything together thoroughly with your hands or tongs, ensuring every piece is well-coated with oil and seasonings. Really massage the seasonings into the florets for maximum flavor.

Step 4: Arrange on Baking Sheet
Spread the seasoned broccoli in a single layer on your baking sheet. This is important—don’t overcrowd! The florets should have space between them with minimal touching. Overcrowding creates steam instead of roasting, resulting in soft, not crispy broccoli. Use two pans if necessary.

Step 5: Roast
Place the baking sheet in the preheated oven and roast for 10 minutes undisturbed. After 10 minutes, remove the pan and use tongs or a spatula to flip and toss the broccoli. This ensures even browning on all sides. Return to the oven and roast for an additional 8-12 minutes, until the florets are tender with deeply caramelized, crispy brown edges. The stems should be easily pierced with a fork.

Step 6: Finish and Serve
Remove from the oven. While still hot, zest half the lemon directly over the broccoli (if using), then squeeze fresh lemon juice over everything. Toss gently to distribute. Taste and adjust seasoning with more salt or pepper if needed. Transfer to a serving dish, garnish with fresh chopped parsley, and sprinkle with Parmesan cheese if desired. Serve immediately for the crispiest texture!